Natural and Applied Sciences

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A Traffic Sign Recognition System Using Convolutional Neural Networks
(Bells University of Technology, 2020-12-10) DOSUNMU, Moyinoluwa Ayodele; Prof.H.O.D. Longe
Traffic signs are a useful invention to help keep the road safe. Although they were designed for quick and easy understanding by humans, they are not so easily recognizable by machines. A traffic sign detection recognition(TSDR) system is a technology by which a vehicle is able to recognize the traffic signs put on the road. An efficient TSDR system in which its recognition and detection mechanisms was developed based on a convolutional neural network model trained by a dataset populated with German traffic signs. The German traffic signs recognition benchmark(GTSRB) Dataset was used because it contains traffic signs that are similar to the convention adopted on Nigerian roads. five different pretrained convolutional neural networks were trained to build five models for traffic sign recognition, the model's performance was evaluated in terms of the speed at which they were trained and the accuracy at which they were able to classify the traffic signs into 43 different classes. The pretrained CNNs used are AlexNet, GoogLeNet, ResNet, VGG-16 and VGG-19 GoogLeNet performed the best with an accuracy of 95%, ResNet and VGG-19 also achieved a similar level of accuracy but they took longer period to be trained. This research shows that the accuracy of the pretrained networks at identifying traffic signs increases as the number of layers increases, also it establishes that Google Net and ResNet are the most ideal of the five pretrained CNNs experimented on, for traffic sign recognition using the GTSRB dataset
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A Data Traffic Control System (DTCS) for Optimizing Computer Network Performance.
(Bells University of technology, Ota., 2017-10-26) AKINYOKUN, Olusina Temidayo; Prof. H. O. D. Longe
The advancement of computer networks has led to the heavy utilization of network resources, which has created data traffic congestion and leads to poor network performance. An effective Data Traffic control system (DTCS) is required for the optimization of computer networks. In this research work, the developed Data Traffic Control System (DTCS) is based on network congressional control approach. Tt's an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) congestion control system and includes a two-bucket approach to be classical leaky-bucket congestion control algorithm.
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A Decision Support System For Counselling :An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Aproach.
(Bells University of Technology, 2015-09-21) OLADIBOYE, Olasunkanmi Esther; Prof. M. O. Abass
Decision Support Systems (DSS) are computer-based information systems designed to help managers to select one of t6he many alternative solutions to a problem. Put differently DSS are built to facilitate the decision-making process by process by people in institutions when the need arises. Studies have shown that there is a high rate of abuse of drug among students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. This research is therefore an attempt to develop a decision support system (DSS) that can be useful for counselling students who have drug problem using the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) model. Using the DSS developed in this study, we were able to compute Eigen vectors of the matrix of pair -wise comparison in generalized ascending order of magnitude. The highest Eigen vector was selected as the most effective method of counselling students with drug problems. The system was implemented using PHP and MySQL database. This study shows that the counselling methods such a s interview, behavior modification and counselling which refers the students to an expert, all have the same Eigen vector. That is to say that they are of equal importance with the criteria used in counselling the student. The study also revealed that 'Reward' as an approach to counselling with respect to behavioral modification has the highest priority value which is 0.6687. 'Denial' and 'Punishment' have the priority value of 0.2431 and 0.0882 respectively. In conclusion, from our findings, the best choice for counselling student with respect to behavior medication is the 'Reward Approach'.
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A Decision Support System for Counselling: An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Aproach
(Bells University of Technology, 2015-09-30) OLADIBOYE, Olasunkanmi Esther; Prof. M. O. Abass
Decision support systems (DSS) are computer-based information systems designed to help managers to select one of the many alternative solutions to a problem put differently. DSS are built to facilitate the decision-making process by people in institution when the need arises. Studies have shown that there is high rate of abuse of drug among students in tertiary institution in Nigeria. This research is therefore an attempt to develop a decision support system (DSS) that can be useful for counselling students who have drug problem using the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) model. Using the DSS developed in this study, were able to compute Eigen vectors of the matrix of pair-wise comparison in generalized ascending order of magnitude. The highest Eigen vector was selected as the most effective method of counselling students with drug problems. The system was implemented using PHP and MySQL databased. This study shows that the counselling methods such as interview, behavioral modification and counselling which refers the student to an expert, all have the same Eigen vector. That is to say that they are equal importance with the criteria used in counselling the student. The study also revealed that 'Rewards' as an approach to counselling with respect to behavioral modification has the highest priority value which is 0.6687. 'Denial' and 'Punishment' have the priority values of 0.2431 and 0.0882 respectively. In conclusion, from our findings the best choice of counselling student with respect to behavioral modification is the 'Reward Approach'.
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A Mobile Application for Potholes Detection and Analysis System
(Bells University of Technology, 2020-03-08) KUDETI, Waziri Omolade; Prof. M. O. Abass
The presence of potholes on roads has over the years been a great source of concern to everyone.it has been identified as one of the major causes of road accidents as well as the wear and tear of vehicle tyres. The mobile sensing method for pothole detection is considered as the most suitable method to detect pothole for mobile devices. This is because the other methods require huge computation power for image recognition. Three different algorithms were implemented: the Z-Diff algorithm, STDEV(z)algorithm which are existing algorithms and a new improved algorithm. The data used for the experiments were obtained by driving through a selected test track which is 18.9km (11.7miles) long .it includes major single lane streets as well as minor multi-lane from Sango Ota, Ogun state to Agege, Lagos state, and is characterized by a range of degrees in road surface smoothness. This research shows that the proposed improved algorithm outperforms both the Z-DIFF algorithm and STDEV(Z) metrics. The performance metrics gives different results because each metric covers a part and considers some parameters while leaving some others. Therefore, a combination of metrics is recommended to be used to measure the performance of each algorithm against others.
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A Model For Self -Adaptive Routing Optimization in Mobile Ad-hoc Network.
(Bells University of Technology, Ota., 2017) OLUSESI, Ayobami Taiwo; Dr. S. A. Akinboro
In Mobile Ad-Hoc Network, unpredictable topology is one of the challenges that can degrade its routing performance. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a technique that has a challenge of converging prematurely when large numbers of intermediate nodes are on the network. This study designed, simulate and access the performance of Self-Adaptive Partitioned PSO (SAP-PSO) routing model in a Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET). The proposed model sends information from source to destination in a 1-hop neighbor network, performed the routing optimization technique of existing PSO when numbers of intermediate nodes are few (less than one equal to ten nodes (greater than 10) are on the network, the model automatically grouped nodes into partition, and this reduces the rate of premature convergences. Input data was generated using uniformly distributed random number. The model was bench marked with the exiting POS using global best and computational time as performance metrics and simulation was carried out in MATLAB7.0 programming environment. The simulation result considered scenarios when the number of intermediate nodes is than 10 and when it is greater than 10.
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Alkaline Phosphatase Activities and Serum Urea Levels in Albino Rats Treted with Aqueous Extracts of Psidium.
(Bells University of Technology, Ota., 2009-06-11) AKINSANMI, Babajide; Mr. O. S. Adeyemi
The biochemical effect of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaf on some enzymes were studied in the kidney. The histopathological studies of the tissues were also carried out. The P. guajava leaf extract were administered intraperitoneally to albino rats consecutively for seven days.
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Antibacterial Effect Of Neem Leaf Extract on Multidrug Resistant Isolates From Pregnant Women's Urine at General Hospital;Ota; Ogun State
(Bells University of Technology, 2019-09-21) ADEKEYE, Bosede Temitope; Dr. T. O. Oladosu,
Infection disease is one of the major causes of sickness and death globally and are caused by different microorganisms. Unitary tract infections are mainly caused by the presence and growth of microorganism in the unitary tract. This study was carried out to determine the antibacterial activity of Azadirachta indica [Neem]leaf extract against multi drug resistance pathogens from urine sample of pregnant woman attending General Hospital ,Ota, Ogun State. Urine samples were collected from two hundred [200] pregnant woman. These samples were subjected to bacteriological analysis, biochemical characterization and antibiotic sensibility testing. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was conducted qualitatively . The antibacterial potential or methanolic and Acueous neem leaf extract was investigated against seven Multi drug resistance pathogens using the Algar well diffusion method, upon extraction with water and methanol. Out of 200 urine samples collected ,59.5% samples contained bacterial isolates . The bacterial isolated occurred as Klebsiella Pneumoniae Rettger (25.6%), Citrobacter freundii (13.2%), Staphylococcus sp (10.6%) , Enterobacter coli (9.8%), Proteus sp (8.0%) ,Micrococcus sp (6.2%) , Klebsiella oxytocic (5.6%), Escherichia coli (9.8%) , Serratia sp (3.5%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (2.7%),Bacillus sp (2.7%) Providencia rettegeri (1.8%) and Morganella morganii(0.9%). The bacterial isolate with the highest frequency of occurence was Klebsiella pnuemoniae( 25.6) , while Morganella morganii had the lowest frequency of occurence was observed in age group between 25 and 34years, multigrravida and during second trimester of pregnancy. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Gram negative bacteria showed most of the isolates were sentitive to Sparfloxacin (100%), Augmentin (50%),Pefloxacin (100%), Ciprofloxacin (100%) and Gentamicin (60%) and the Gram positive showed highly different sentitivty pattern to Cotrimoxazole (100%), Ciprofloxacin (100%), Amoxicillin (100%), Pefloxacin (100%) and Streptomycin (100%).
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Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Susceptibility Pattern of Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus Saprophyticus Strains
(Bells University of Technology, 2019-03-30) AMODU, Zainab Ejile; Prof. O. O. Kuforiji
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a coagulase-negative (CoNS) coccus associated primarily with community-acquired lower urinary tract infection (UTI). This study investigated presence of antibiotic resistant genes (ARG) and susceptibility pattern of S. saprophyticus from women with UTI. Fifty (50) S. Saprophyticus strains obtained from four hospitals were identified morphologically and biochemically. Antibiotic resistance pattern was determined via Kirby-Bauer dise diffusion method against 14 antibiotics: Ceftazidime (CAZ), Cefuroxime (CRX), Gentamicin (GEN), Ceftriazone (CTR), Erythromycin (ERY), Cloxacillin (CXC), Ofloxacin (OFL), Augmentin (AUG), Cefdinir (RNF), Ciprofloxacin (CPT), Oxacillin (OX), Mipenem (MIP), Levofloxacin (LVS) and Pefloxacin (PEF). Presence of ARGs ermA, aac(6')-aph(2"'), mecA, blaZ and femB was confirmed on gel electrophoresis by standard methods. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) was also determined, while plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance was investigated. S. saprophyticus strains were resistant to ERY, AUG, OX and CXC, while MIP, PEF and LVS susceptibility was observed. No isolate had 100% sensitivity to the antibiotics, 13 (26%) were sensitive to ≥50% antibiotics, five (G95, G98, G112, S09, S26) were resistant to >90% of antibiotics, while one strain (S09) exhibited total resistance. All strains had >20% MARI while two-thirds had ≥0.5 MARI. Seventy percent of S. saprophyticus expressed both mecA and femB, three (3) strains expressed all ARGs (S04, S26, L90), or did not express any (M60, M123, M48), while 64% expressed at least two ARGs. Resistance genes mecA and femB were the most expressed genes (Hospitals G, S and L), while <50% of strains expressed BlaZ. Fourteen (14) strains had plasmid-mediated resistance, while 50% plasmid-mediated resistance was observed in hospital L. This study, therefore, showed that increased antibiotic-resistance and presence of ARGs in S. saprophyticus means the pathogen should be given better attention by clinics in cases of bacteremia, bacteriuria, septicemia and UTI cases.
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Antibotics Resistance Genes And Susceptibility of Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus saprophytlcus Strains
(Bells University of Technology, 2020-12-10) AMODU, Zainab Ejile; Prof .O. O. Kuforiji
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a coagulase-negative ( CoNS) coccus associated primarily with community-acquired lower Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). This study investigated presence of Antibiotic resistant Genes (AGS) and susceptibility pattern of S. saprophyticus from women with UTI . Fifty (50) S.saprophyticus strains obtained from four hospitals were identified morphologically and biochemically. Antibiotics resistance pattern was determined via Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against 14 antibiotics : Ceftazidime (CAZ) , Cefuroxime (CRX) , Gentamicin (GEN), Cefriazone( CTR) , Erythromycin ( ERY) , Cloxacillin ( CXC) , Ofloxacin (OFL),Augmentin (AUG),Cefdinir (RNF), Ciprofloxacin (CPT), Oxacillin (OX), Mipenem (MIP), Levofloxacin (LVS) and pefloxacin (PEF).Presence of ARGs ermA,aac(6')-aph(2''), meca, blaZ and femB was confirmed on gel electrophoresis by standard methods. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance index (MAR) was also determined, while plasmid- mediated antibiotic resistance was investigated. S. saprophyticus strains were resistant to ERY,OX and CXC, while MIP,PEF and LVS susceptibility was observed. No isolate had 100% sensitivity to the antibiotics, 1. 3(26) were sensitive to 50% antibiotics , five ( G95, G98, G112, S09, S26) were resistant to>90% of antibiotics, while one strain (S09) exhibited total resistance . all strains had > 20% MARI while two-thirds had 0.5 MARI . Seventy percent of S .saprophyticus expressed both mecA and femB , three (3) strains expressed all at least AGRs (S04, S26, L90) , or did not express any ( M60, M123, M48) , while 64% expressed at least two AGRs. Resistance genes meeA and femB were the most expressed genes ( Hospital G, S and L ) , while <50% of strains expressed Blaz. Fourteen (14) strains had plasmid -mediated resistance , while 50% plasmid resistance was observed in hospital L . This study , therefore, showed that increased antibiotics - resistance and presence of ARGs in S. saprophyticus means the pathogen should be given better attention by clinic in cases of bacteremia, bacteriuria, septicemia and UTI cases.
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Antimicrobial Activities of Three Spices and Ciprofloxacin on Human Pathogenic Organisms
(Bells University of Technology, 2015-04-17) AJOSE, Daniel Jesuwenu; Bola A. Adeniyi, Ph.d
Spices are natural compounds, or a mixture of natural compounds that are extracted from various parts of plants, and added to food and pepper soup in order to provide colour, taste, smell, or flavour. Most people with upper respiratory tract infection use pepper soup along with prescribed antibiotics for treatment. This study was designed to investigate the effect of combining the bioactive spices with standard antibiotics (ciprofloxacin) to determine additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects. The spices studied were Capsicum annuum (cayenne), Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Piper guineense (black pepper). They were analyzed for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites using standard methods. Also, three brands of ciprofloxacin were tested for their activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus species, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter agglomerans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, and Candida albicans collected from Nigerian Institute of Medical Research and University of Ibadan. Antimicrobial activity was carried out using agar diffusion method while agar dilution method was employed for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on Mueller-Hinton agar. The findings of this study showed that the three spices contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and terpenoids. Piper guineense extract was most active against all tested isolates with MIC of 50% /v against Staphylococcus species and Escherichia coli to 100% "/v against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Ciprogem was the most effective brand of the tested ciprofloxacin with MIC ranging from < 0.015 mg/mL against Acinetobacter baumanii and 125 mg/mL against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Furthermore, there was a synergistic effect between the extract of black pepper at 25 % (Y/v) and 12.5 % (Y/v) and ciprogem with MIC of ciprogem decreasing from 15.63 mg/mL to 3.90 mg/mL and 1.95 mg/mL respectively against the pathogen Escherichia coli.
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Antioxidant Activities of Exopolyscharides Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Commercial Yoghurt Samples
(Bells University of Technology, 2019-09-16) EZEANI, Abiola olufadeke; Dr.(Mrs) A.O. Adelekan
Antioxidant is a substance that inhabit the oxidation of other molecules caused by free radical. The inbuilt antioxidant system possessed by living organism are generally not enough to prevent them from oxidative here and for damages and the use of synthetic antioxidants also have some harmful effect. This provide the need to search for more antioxidants from natural sources.Therefore,this study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activities of exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria isolated from yoghut.Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from six different brands of commercially available yoghurt using deMan Rogosa shape (MRS) agar.The LAB isolated were identified based on morphological, biochemical as well as molecular characterizations and were screened for exopolysaccharides (EPS) production. The LAB isolates screened positives were used for EPS production in a liquid medium and the EPS produced were purified and quantified using standard cmethods.Antioxidant activities of the EPS were evaluated by determining the DPPH fess radical scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing power and total phenolic contents. Data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance.Total latic acid bacterial count obtained from the yoghut sample ranged from 0 - 3.9 10 CFU/mL with sample A (Fan Yoghurt) having the highest LAB count (25.49%), L delbrueckii (19.61%), L fermentum (15.69%), L, acidophilus (13.73%), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (11.76%0 Lactococous lactis (7.84%) and Lactobacilus caseil (5.88%).Fifty - one of thr 64 LAB isolated were screen positive for EPS production and only six were able produced susbtantial were quantity of EPS ranging from 127.7 - 208. mg/L..Based on molecular charactrerzation, the four highesr EPS - producing LAB isolated were identified as Lactobcillus plantarum (208.5 mg/L).
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Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Winged Bean (psophcarpus tetragonolobus) Using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Market
(Bells University of Technology, 2017-10-26) NKANG, Nkoyo Ani; Dr. O. B. Ojuederie
This study determined the genetic diversity in 20 Winged bean accessions. Five Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers were screened and used to determine the genetic relatedness of the accessions of winged bean and also to identify the most polymorphic ISSR markers for future phylogenetic studies in Winged bean. Phylogenetic relations were determined by cluster analysis using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA). Multivariate grouping was carried out using factorial coordinate analysis (FCoA) and polymorphic information content (PIC) was calculated using standard procedures. Four out of the five primers had consistent, well banded, reproducible profiles. The four ISSR primers; UBC 810, UBC 811, UBC 827 and UBC 855 generated a total of 127 amplified bands and all the bands were polymorphic (100%). The number of polymorphic bands per primer ranged from 14 (UBC 811) to 53(UBC 855). The primers identified between 9 (UBC 811) and 18 (UBC 855) of the 20 winged bean accessions. ISSR primer UBC 855 had the highest number of polymorphic bands (53) and identified the highest number of accessions (18). The UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the 20 accessions of the Winged bean into four major clusters and the dissimilarity distance ranged from 0.515 to 0.929. The FCoA analysis was comparable to that obtained using UPGMA cluster analysis. The PIC values ranged from 0.500 (UBC 811) to 0.874 (UBC 855) with an average of 0.718. The percentage polymorphism of 100% indicates high genetic diversity across the genomic loci of the accessions and revealed the usefulness of ISSR markers in determining the extent of genetic variability in Psophocarpus tetragonolobus.
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Comparative Analysis of Certain Data Analytic Languages Using Code Based Metrics
(Bells University of Technology, 2019-10-17) ADIGUN, Maria Funmilayo; Prof. M. O. Abass
Software complexity metrics is developed and used by the various software organizations for evaluating and assuring software code quality, operation, and maintenance. Software metrics measure various types of software complexity like size metrics, control flow metrics and data flow metrics. These software complexities must be continuously calculated, followed, and controlled because high complexity may result in more errors and difficulties in maintenance, understandability, modification and testing effort. The revival of data science due to the presence of large amount of data has resulted in the need for a good programming language on which many data science applications can be developed. Hence the need to apply programming complexity metrics to existing data analytic languages so as to guide programmers in choosing tools for building data science applications. For application, binary search and quicksort algorithms are considered. The programs are written in three different data analytic languages: Python, R and Scala. Software complexity for each is found using LOC, McCabe and Halstead models. The results are compared and Scala is realized to be the most complex for all the metrics while Python and R programs are averagely at par.
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Comparative Study of Morphological and Molecular Profile of Drought Tolerant Maize and Varieties in Some Parts of South-West Nigeria.
(Bells University of Technology, 2019-09-16) WILLIAMS, Uduak Akpan; Dr, Anyakroh
Maize, a cereal grain with production of 5. 5 million tons per year has become a staple and most important weaning food for infants in many parts of the word especially Africa. Drought is one of the most environmental stresses that causes yield reduction in maize. The study was to compare the morphological and molecular performance of local maize varieties with drought tolerant maize varieties. Twenty one seeds (6landraces and 15 drought tolerant) of the genotypes obtained from the local market in ota and Agbara in ogun state, ikeja in Lagos and IITA, Ibadan respectively were grown in 3kg soil put in polyethylene bags; morphological data were taken one week after planting till twelve weeks. DND extracted from two week old leaves was subjected to PCR with 9 ISSR markers in order to estimate genetic diversity. Morphological date taken were plant height, leaf number, husk leaf length, ear length, ear diameter, tassel length, data of ear and tassel, number of cobs and seed number per plant. The data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA. Each polymorphic band was scored as (1) if present and(0) for absence. Polymorphic information content (PIC) was done using power market software and a dendrogram was constructed by UPGMA analysis . plant height ranged from 35cm to 63cm while the other parameters were significantly not too different in the maize varieties. The concentration of the extracted DNA ranged from 205.6ng to 907.6ng and the purity from 1.6 to 2.03 as detected by Nano-drop spectrophotometer.PCR amplified of genomic DNA generated a total of 289 amplification bands. The number of amplified bands ranged from 18 (p-umc 2225) to 59 (p-umc2189). The highest number of amplification was produced by p-umc 2189.The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.1575 to 0.7014 with p-umc 1542 having 70% polymorphism. Phylogenetic relations determined using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean average (UPGMA) grouped the 21 genotypes of maize into 3 major cluster. Group 1&2 comprised of drought tolerant while 3 has both landraces and drought tolerant .
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Design of An Adaptive Intrusion Detection System Using Inspection-Based Anomaly Model
(Bells University of Technology, 2020-09-27) AJIBOYE, John; Dr. A. M. Adegoke
A common problem with analyzing intrusion detection system is the incidence of high false-positive alarm rate, which is usually caused by the in ability of the Intrusion Detection system (IDS) to accommodate changes in the pattern of users’ behaviors. This work introduces flexibility to IDS by inculcating a mechanism that enables the IDS to accommodate changes in the pattern of user’ behavior. The mechanism allows a user to authenticate his or her identity whenever the IDS observes a change in the mode of operation of IDS system. The proposed intrusion system is described as, Inspection-Based Anomaly system. The performance of the Inspection-based system was evaluated on a benched marked data. Using accuracy measure, F1, it was observed that the Inspection-based anomaly system outperforms the conventional anomaly-based system with 2.6% and outperform the best-known intrusion detection system with an accuracy of 2.8% on the same dataset. The Inspection based system is able to achieve a false positive rate that is as low as 4.9%. Therefore, the Inspection based anomaly system is recommended for use in a dynamic environment where the user’s activity is subject to changes that might occur due to unforeseen circumstance.
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Determinant of Heavy Metals Organic Pollutions in Fish Sample collected from Ogun River
(Bells University of Technology, 2020-12-10) AJIBODE, Comfort Pelumi; Dr. D. O. Nwude
Fish is generally accepted as a delicacy and serves as an important source of protein consumed daily by all strata of the society. Awareness on the possible exposure to heavy metals and organic pollutants in fish and its associated health risks in Nigeria are generally low. Therefore, this study aims at assessing heavy metals and organic pollutants' levels in the muscle tissues of fish samples from five (5) different fishing locations in the Ogun River, Ogun State. The levels of the heavy metals (Zinc, Lead, Iron, Chromium, Cadmium and Copper) in the muscle tissues of the fish samples were determined by wet digestion method using a Perkin Elmer, Analyst - 200 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The mean Zn values in the five (5) different locations (Oyan Dam, Oriyanrin, Adigbe Bridge, Apo Village and Odo-eran Lafenwa) were (4.596±2.820, 5.094±1.216, 4.733±2.033, 6.228±1.348 and 7.771±2.003); mean Pb values were (0.641±1.236, 1.667±3.960, 0.741±0.738, 0.806±0.852 and 0.566±0.353); mean Fe values were (7.805±2.681, 10.391±4.485, 8.281±1.901, 7.971±4.068 and 8.868±2.052); mean Cr values were (0.100±0.166, 0.076±0.071, 0.102±0.095, 0.172±0.149 and 0.052±0.039); mean Cd values were (0.1000.116, 0.074±0.077, 0.101±0.956, 0.174±0.148 and 0.087±0.039) and mean Cu values were (-0.405±0.017, 0.404±0.011, -0.403±0.016, -0.509±0.328 and -0.396±0.130). Most of these values were generally lower than permissible limits of FAO/WHO except Pb and Cr which were higher than the permissible limits. The fish samples contained levels of Zn, Fe, Cd and Cu in the sampled fish muscle tissues. The organic pollutants which include the Organochlorine Pesticides, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and the Polychlorinated Biphenyls were also determined. The Organochlorines and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in the fish samples were Soxhlet extracted using n-hexane and dichloromethane. The extracts were cleaned up using silica gel and analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and flame ionization detector (GC-FID) respectively. The Polychlorinated biphenyls were also extracted using n-hexane and cleaned up using a glass column and analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The mean values obtained after the analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, the BaPeq for the first four (4) locations had values that exceeded the permissible limit of 0.002mg/kg (European Commission) while it was absent in the fifth location PCBs 8 (2,4 - Dichlorobiphenyl), 18 (2,2',5 - Trichlorobiphenyl), 157 (2,3,3',4,4'5 Hexachlorobiphenyl) and 180 (2,2',3,4,4',5,5' - Heptachlorobiphenyl) were the principal contaminants for the Polychlorinated biphenyls while the others were either non-existent or below the permissible limit of 0.335mg/kg (European Union). For the Organochlorine Pesticides Endosulfan sulphate was the only pesticides detected in all locations along the Ogun River Alpha0BHC ranged between BDL and 0.394 mg/kg with Odo-Eran Lafenwa (0.0394 mg/kg having the highest AlphaOBHC while Oriyanrin had 0.0048. AlphaOBHC was below detectable limits in samples from Adigbe Bridge. The levels of the Organochlorine Pesticides in the muscle tissue of the analyzed fish samples was below the accepted Maximum Residue Limits (MRL), a adopted by the WHO/FAO Codey Alimentarius commission.
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Determination of Heavy Metals and Organochlorine Pesticides in Goat Parts Collected in Ota.
(Bells University of Technology, 2018-08-17) COKER, Aderinoye Robert; Dr. D.O.Nwude
Meat and offal obtained from goat has been widely accepted as delicacy and serve as important source of protein consumed daily by all strata of the society. Awareness on the possible exposure to heavy metals and organochlorine pesticide in meat and its associated health risk in Nigeria are generally low. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing heavy metal and organochlorine pesticide levels in selected tissues and organs of goats from five abattoirs in Ota, Ogun state. The levels of heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead, Chromium and Iron), in the organs of the goat (liver, heart, muscle and kidney) were determined by wet digestion method using a Perkin Elmer, AAnalyst-200 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The organochlorine pesticide residues in the samples were soxhlet extracted using a mixture of n-hexane and acetone. The extracts were cleaned up using silica gel and analysed using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The investigated pesticide contaminant contained p.p-DDT, p.p-DDE, Benzene hexachloride isomers, lindane (a, B. y, A -BHCs), dieldrin, aldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, alpha-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, chlordane, heptachlor and methoxychlor in the fatty layer of the goat obtained from five abattoirs in Ota.
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Development of Iris Recognition System Using Enhanced Convolution Neural Network
(Bells University of Technology, Ota., 2020-09-21) ADEGBOYE, Olujoba James; Dr. Adegoke M.A.
Biometric traits such as face, iris, voice, fingerprint, and palm print have proved to be unique to each person and constant throughout its lifetime. Among all biometric characteristics, iris patterns have been revealed as one of the most reliable biometric traits to distinguish among different persons. Iris recognition is usually known as eye iris network pattern recognition technology, iris, more reliable and state for identification because iris is a unique feature which h does not change with age it remains stable and fixed from about one year of age throughout life. This research work developed an enhanced convolution neural network-based systems to recognize features. The enhancement was done using gravitational search algorithm (GSA).
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Digitization of Energy Production and Consumption in Beverages Industry
(Bells University of Technology, 2022-05) ALAWODE, Jeremiah Olakunle; DR.(Mrs.) Olamide O. Olusanya
Energy is a major driving force of industrial operations. Virtually nothing can be done without consumption of one or more types of energy or conversion from to another by the general law of conservation of energy. Quantifying these energies and accurately costing same has been a major concern as only a rough estimated values are usually assumed. in this research work. digitization of steam energy production and consumption in beverage industry were focused on. In the methodology adopted , flow meters identification and impartibility for energy digitization was first ascertained. Initial setup of the flow meter was carried out and each flow meter was wired using the digital input terminals selected for the pulse input signals. This is responsible for the totalizer value (initially being collected manually and locally from each flow meter) .Secondly 'the identified pulse input for each flow meter programmed in the PLC using the ladder logic programming language .This involves creating a unique tag name to identify the flow meter ,as well as programming the continuous routines responsible for totalizing the flow per pulse during each flow measurement cycle .Afterward, the connectivity configurations of each flow meter tags in the server were carried out, the OPC\OLE path is configured to ensure that data from the flow meter through the PLC gets to the digitization server. Finally, the manually obtained data from flow meter is compared with the digitized data from the server. The digital manufacturing operation (DMO) server results and the ones manually collected are compared and analyzed using the SPSS software tool for data analysis. In conclusion, the results show that 'Digitalization of Energy Production and Consumption in BEVERAGE industry is a practicable solution to solve energy measurement problem in any establishment. This solution can also be extended to other energy utilities such as water, PMS, diesel, gas, and electricity.

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