Natural and Applied Sciences

Permanent URI for this community

https://ir.bellsuniversity.edu.ng/handle/123456789/220

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 41

Metadata only
Alkaline Phosphatase Activities and Serum Urea Levels in Albino Rats Treted with Aqueous Extracts of Psidium.
(Bells University of Technology, Ota., 2009-06-11) AKINSANMI, Babajide; Mr. O. S. Adeyemi
The biochemical effect of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaf on some enzymes were studied in the kidney. The histopathological studies of the tissues were also carried out. The P. guajava leaf extract were administered intraperitoneally to albino rats consecutively for seven days.
Metadata only
Physico -Chemical Properties of Modified Acha Digital Exilis Starch Cross Linked, Acid Treated and Oxidized Samples.
(Bells University of technology, Ota., 2015-01-18) SHEHU, Isah; Prof. A. A. Osho
Underutilized grain, Acha starch was isolated and modified by cross-linking, oxidation, and acid treatment physicochemical properties of the native starch and modified derivatives. The physicochemical properties of chemically modified samples were altered. The solubility, water and oil absorption capacities, bulk density, foam capacity and pasting viscosities decreased upon modification.
Metadata only
Antimicrobial Activities of Three Spices and Ciprofloxacin on Human Pathogenic Organisms
(Bells University of Technology, 2015-04-17) AJOSE, Daniel Jesuwenu; Bola A. Adeniyi, Ph.d
Spices are natural compounds, or a mixture of natural compounds that are extracted from various parts of plants, and added to food and pepper soup in order to provide colour, taste, smell, or flavour. Most people with upper respiratory tract infection use pepper soup along with prescribed antibiotics for treatment. This study was designed to investigate the effect of combining the bioactive spices with standard antibiotics (ciprofloxacin) to determine additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects. The spices studied were Capsicum annuum (cayenne), Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Piper guineense (black pepper). They were analyzed for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites using standard methods. Also, three brands of ciprofloxacin were tested for their activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus species, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter agglomerans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, and Candida albicans collected from Nigerian Institute of Medical Research and University of Ibadan. Antimicrobial activity was carried out using agar diffusion method while agar dilution method was employed for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on Mueller-Hinton agar. The findings of this study showed that the three spices contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and terpenoids. Piper guineense extract was most active against all tested isolates with MIC of 50% /v against Staphylococcus species and Escherichia coli to 100% "/v against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Ciprogem was the most effective brand of the tested ciprofloxacin with MIC ranging from < 0.015 mg/mL against Acinetobacter baumanii and 125 mg/mL against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Furthermore, there was a synergistic effect between the extract of black pepper at 25 % (Y/v) and 12.5 % (Y/v) and ciprogem with MIC of ciprogem decreasing from 15.63 mg/mL to 3.90 mg/mL and 1.95 mg/mL respectively against the pathogen Escherichia coli.
Metadata only
A Decision Support System For Counselling :An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Aproach.
(Bells University of Technology, 2015-09-21) OLADIBOYE, Olasunkanmi Esther; Prof. M. O. Abass
Decision Support Systems (DSS) are computer-based information systems designed to help managers to select one of t6he many alternative solutions to a problem. Put differently DSS are built to facilitate the decision-making process by process by people in institutions when the need arises. Studies have shown that there is a high rate of abuse of drug among students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. This research is therefore an attempt to develop a decision support system (DSS) that can be useful for counselling students who have drug problem using the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) model. Using the DSS developed in this study, we were able to compute Eigen vectors of the matrix of pair -wise comparison in generalized ascending order of magnitude. The highest Eigen vector was selected as the most effective method of counselling students with drug problems. The system was implemented using PHP and MySQL database. This study shows that the counselling methods such a s interview, behavior modification and counselling which refers the students to an expert, all have the same Eigen vector. That is to say that they are of equal importance with the criteria used in counselling the student. The study also revealed that 'Reward' as an approach to counselling with respect to behavioral modification has the highest priority value which is 0.6687. 'Denial' and 'Punishment' have the priority value of 0.2431 and 0.0882 respectively. In conclusion, from our findings, the best choice for counselling student with respect to behavior medication is the 'Reward Approach'.
Metadata only
A Decision Support System for Counselling: An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Aproach
(Bells University of Technology, 2015-09-30) OLADIBOYE, Olasunkanmi Esther; Prof. M. O. Abass
Decision support systems (DSS) are computer-based information systems designed to help managers to select one of the many alternative solutions to a problem put differently. DSS are built to facilitate the decision-making process by people in institution when the need arises. Studies have shown that there is high rate of abuse of drug among students in tertiary institution in Nigeria. This research is therefore an attempt to develop a decision support system (DSS) that can be useful for counselling students who have drug problem using the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) model. Using the DSS developed in this study, were able to compute Eigen vectors of the matrix of pair-wise comparison in generalized ascending order of magnitude. The highest Eigen vector was selected as the most effective method of counselling students with drug problems. The system was implemented using PHP and MySQL databased. This study shows that the counselling methods such as interview, behavioral modification and counselling which refers the student to an expert, all have the same Eigen vector. That is to say that they are equal importance with the criteria used in counselling the student. The study also revealed that 'Rewards' as an approach to counselling with respect to behavioral modification has the highest priority value which is 0.6687. 'Denial' and 'Punishment' have the priority values of 0.2431 and 0.0882 respectively. In conclusion, from our findings the best choice of counselling student with respect to behavioral modification is the 'Reward Approach'.
Metadata only
Neuro-Fuzzy Approach to River Sediment Yield Prediction
(Bells University of Technology, 2016-07-28) BALOGUN, Oluwatobi; Prof. E. R. Adagunodo
The advancement of the information and communication technology has created an unlimited space for exploration in different areas in order to make meaningful observations and predict at an optimum accuracy. All around the world, data are being generated every moment in large quantities, but these data are of no use until they can be converted to useful in formation. The limitation of existing models used for predicting River sediment yield in order to forestall against natural and economic disasters forms the basis of the motivation of this research. By taking advantage of the opportunities presented by the advancement of technology, this research focuses on predicting the sediment yield from Oyan gauging station of Ogun-Osun River Basin and comparing the output with result with other existing result. Some conventional method available for sediment load/yield estimation are largely empirical. In this research, an ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy inference system) is used to predict the sediment yield of Oyan gauging station of Ogun-Osun River Basin. The ANFIS is a feed forward five layered architecture and uses the back propagation algorithm to train the network. For this research, four inputs data are used, the water stage and water stage and water discharge, water temperature, and rainfall.
Metadata only
Neuro-Fuzzy Approach to River Sediment Yield Prediction
(Bells University of Technology, 2016-07-28) OLUWATOBI, Balogun; Prof. E. R. Adagunodo
The advancement of Information and Communication Technology has created an unlimited space for exploration in different areas in order to make meaningful observations and predict at an optimum accuracy. All around the world, data are being generated every moment in large quantities, but these data are of no use until they can be converted to useful information. The limitation of existing models used for predicting River Sediment yield in order to forestall against natural and economic disasters forms the basis of the motivation of this research. By taking advantage of the opportunities presented by the advancement of technology, this research focuses on predicting the sediment yield from Oyan gauging station of Ogun-Osun River Basin and comparing the output with the result with other existing result. Some conventional methods available for sediment load/yield estimation are largely empirical. In this research, an ANFIS(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) is used to predict the sediment yield of Oyan gauging of Ogun-Osun River Basin. The ANFIS is a feed forward layered architecture and uses the back propagation algorithm to train the network. For this research, four inputs are used, the water stage and water discharge, water temperature, and rainfall. During the simulation, the ANFIS Neuro fuzzy model fitted the observed sediment data better than the ANN(Artificial Neural Network) in the validation stages except when fed with three variable where the ANN model has a root mean error of 23.2996 as compared to that of ANFIS Neuro-fuzzy which had a root square error of 23.3443.But when fed with two and four input, the ANFIS Neuro-fuzzy model performed better than the ANN model with a Root mean square error of 23.3134 for two input ad 23.2129 for four input as compared to that of ANN which had 23,4762 for two input and 23.5304 for four input. The ANFIS model proved to have a better prediction capability that its other contemporaries and can be used efficiently predict sediment yield movement from water bodies to plan and forestall against eventualities.
Metadata only
In Vitro Propagation of Olive Plant (olea europea) "SOURT" Using Nodal Culture
(Bells University of Technology, 2016-08-19) KALEJAIYE, Olusegun Olanrewaju; Dr. K. E. Ogunsola
This study was undertaken to contribute to the previous knowledge of the efficient in vitro protocols for the micropropagation of olive plant. This work was based on development of a new in vitro propagation method to overcome growth recalcitrance an olive cultivar "souri". An experiment to determine optimum sterilization procedures for olive explants was conducted. The culture medium used was composed of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without hormonal modification and MS medium modified with various levels of auxin-cytokinin concentrations. The experiments were laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 replicates per media treatment. Data were collected at 2,4 and 6 weeks of culture on growth parameters which include frequency of buds formed, frequency of callus formation, number of leaves, leave length, leaf width, number of roots and root length. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using SAS programme (9.2 version) and means were separated by the Duncan multiple range test at 5% probability. Of the different sterilization treatments used on the explants during the establishment of culture, a treatment of 70% ethanol for 3minutes and 5% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) for 2minutes respectively proved to be the best sterilant combination for the Olive explants. This treatment resulted in 91% survival of explants and zero death of explant after 21 days of culture. The Olive plant had the best initiation and proliferation in culture medium containing 2.0 mg/l BAP (treatment 3) followed by the medium modified with 0.05 mg/l BAP + 0.02 NAA. The parameters considered as evidence of success was bud formation, callus formation, number of leaves, length of leaves and width of leaves. The mean number of shoots produced in the medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP was (2.3 # 0.2) while the mean number of shoots obtained from Olive nodal cutting in MS medium containing the hormonal modification with the second best effect was (1.6 # 0.1). This hormonal treatment with the best mean number of shoot production (2.0 BAP mg/l), had the highest mean shoot length of (6.5 ‡ 0.3 ) and a mean leave width of (3.1 # 0.2 ). Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.05 mg/l IBA + 0.02mg/l NAA (treatment 4), gave the Olive plant the best rooting effects. The highest root number was 3.8 # 0.9 and that of the root length was 2.5 # 0.7. This study provides a media protocol for the in vitro regeneration of the Souri Cultivar of Olive which will foster the application of tissue culture techniques in the micropropagation of Olive plant and also enhance improvement of the plant through transformation.
Metadata only
Molecular Identification of Six Mushroom Species Using Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna (RAPD) and Internal-Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Primers
(Bells University of Technology, 2016-09-08) BABATUNDE, Mathew Adesanmi; Dr. (Mrs.) C.I Anyakorah
Molecular identification of six mushroom species was conducted using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) primers. The six mushrooms were randomly collected from Lagos and Ogun State in Nigeria. The genomic DNA of the mushroom was extracted using SDS protocol and quantified spectrophotometically. The gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA was run on 1.5% Agarose gel and visualized using UV-Trans-illuminator. The rDNA-ITS fragment of the genomic DNA was amplified using two ITS primer combinations (ITS4A+ ITS and ITS4B + ITS). The Primers ITS4B and ITS amplified single monomorphic bands for all five Pleurotus spp except Ganoderma spp whereas ITS4A and ITSS only amplified two Pleurotus sp (Pleurotus saju-caju, Pleurotus ostreatus FIIRO) and Ganoderma spp. RAPD-PCR technique was used to reveal DNA polymorphism in DNA of the six fungi (five Pleurotus species and one Ganoderma spp) in order to search for the sources of differences that could be used as a DNA marker. In RAPD-PCR, six different decamer primers (OPK 01, OPD 04, OPD 7, OPD 11, OPM 14 and OPL 20) chosen randomly were employed to detect the genetic polymorphism among studied strains. A total of 206 amplicons were produced by these primers and out of which gave 164 bands for polymorphic bands with 42 bands recorded as monomorphic bands with an average percentage polymorphism of 83.5%. The polymorphism is high in OPK 01, OPD11 and OPL20 (100%) which make them transferable for diversity studies for genetic improvement. The identification characterization of the mushroom samples was analyzed of which genetic dissimilarity showed a range of 0.611 to 0.833. The highest was observed with RAPD primers OPK01, OPD11 and OPL20 (0.833) while OPD04 was lowest (0.611). The number of amplified fragments per primer ranged from 16 (OPD7) to 36 (OPK 01) with a polymorphic information content (PIC) ranging from 0.932 to 0.956.
Metadata only
Effect of Spent and Non-Spent Engine Oil Contaminanted Soil on th DNA Profile of Oyster Mushroom
(Bells University of Technology, 2016-09-20) USMAN, Rahila Ukwo; Dr. (Mrs) C. I. Anyakorah
The effect of spent and non-spent engine oil on the morphology and genetic profile of P. tuber-regium (F.) singer was assessed. Five treatments each for the spent (S) engine oil (2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) and non-spent (NS) engine oil (2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) were applied to 1kg of soil in perforated polythene bags with P. tuber-regiumsclerotium planted in them. Percentage total organic matter, percentage nitrogen, phosphorus and pH values of the soil were 0.21%, 0.057%, 5% and 5.3 respectively. Soil analysis showed that S and NS had no effect on both the pH. The total organic matter and phosphorus contents of the spent treatments (S) and non-spent engine oil treatments (NS) increased when compared to the control. Total organic matter of the S and NS treated soils ranged from 0.22%-0.91% and 0.22-0.61 while the Phosphorus values for S and NS treated soils ranged from 4.5%-8.5% and 3.4%-9%. Nitrogen contents of the spent treatments (S) and non-spent engine oil treatments (NS) decreased when compared to the control ranging from 0.0378%-0.0325% (S) and 0.0308-0.01120 (NS). Diameter of cap (DOC), Width of stalk (WDS), weight of fruiting body (WOF) and length of stalk(LOS) of the soil were 6.75cm, 4.05cm, 5.75g and 3.5cm respectively. DOC ranged from 2.69cm-4.24cm(S) and 3.04cm-5.16cm(NS), WDS ranged from 3.87cm-4.11cm(S) and 5.63cm-8-12cm(NS), WOF ranged from 4.63g-6.69g(S) and 5.57g-14.03g(NS) while LOS ranged from 2.23cm-2.97cm(S) and 3.03-3.83(NS). No growth was obtained at 10% S and NS treatments. DNA was extracted from four mushroom samples(2S, 2NS, 4S, and 4NS) successfully. DNA quantification values ranged between 200.4ųg/ml and 695.1 ųg/ml.Amplification using ITS1 and ITS4B primers revealed a single monomorphic band at 600bp. The six RAPD primers produced total of 64 bands out of which 4.68% (3 bands) were monomorphic while 61 bands (95.31%) were polymorphic.
Metadata only
A Model For Self -Adaptive Routing Optimization in Mobile Ad-hoc Network.
(Bells University of Technology, Ota., 2017) OLUSESI, Ayobami Taiwo; Dr. S. A. Akinboro
In Mobile Ad-Hoc Network, unpredictable topology is one of the challenges that can degrade its routing performance. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a technique that has a challenge of converging prematurely when large numbers of intermediate nodes are on the network. This study designed, simulate and access the performance of Self-Adaptive Partitioned PSO (SAP-PSO) routing model in a Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET). The proposed model sends information from source to destination in a 1-hop neighbor network, performed the routing optimization technique of existing PSO when numbers of intermediate nodes are few (less than one equal to ten nodes (greater than 10) are on the network, the model automatically grouped nodes into partition, and this reduces the rate of premature convergences. Input data was generated using uniformly distributed random number. The model was bench marked with the exiting POS using global best and computational time as performance metrics and simulation was carried out in MATLAB7.0 programming environment. The simulation result considered scenarios when the number of intermediate nodes is than 10 and when it is greater than 10.
Metadata only
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Winged Bean (psophcarpus tetragonolobus) Using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Market
(Bells University of Technology, 2017-10-26) NKANG, Nkoyo Ani; Dr. O. B. Ojuederie
This study determined the genetic diversity in 20 Winged bean accessions. Five Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers were screened and used to determine the genetic relatedness of the accessions of winged bean and also to identify the most polymorphic ISSR markers for future phylogenetic studies in Winged bean. Phylogenetic relations were determined by cluster analysis using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA). Multivariate grouping was carried out using factorial coordinate analysis (FCoA) and polymorphic information content (PIC) was calculated using standard procedures. Four out of the five primers had consistent, well banded, reproducible profiles. The four ISSR primers; UBC 810, UBC 811, UBC 827 and UBC 855 generated a total of 127 amplified bands and all the bands were polymorphic (100%). The number of polymorphic bands per primer ranged from 14 (UBC 811) to 53(UBC 855). The primers identified between 9 (UBC 811) and 18 (UBC 855) of the 20 winged bean accessions. ISSR primer UBC 855 had the highest number of polymorphic bands (53) and identified the highest number of accessions (18). The UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the 20 accessions of the Winged bean into four major clusters and the dissimilarity distance ranged from 0.515 to 0.929. The FCoA analysis was comparable to that obtained using UPGMA cluster analysis. The PIC values ranged from 0.500 (UBC 811) to 0.874 (UBC 855) with an average of 0.718. The percentage polymorphism of 100% indicates high genetic diversity across the genomic loci of the accessions and revealed the usefulness of ISSR markers in determining the extent of genetic variability in Psophocarpus tetragonolobus.
Metadata only
Molecular Characteristics of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
(Bells University of Technology, 2017-10-26) KAYODE, Ayodeji Emmanuel; Dr. O. B. Ojuederie
Forty-five (45) Sesame genotypes were collected from five farmers in three (3) major sesame producing states in Nigeria, which are positions in the North Central (Nasarawa), East (Bauchi), and Northwest (Kano states) of the six (6) geo-political zones of Nigeria. This was carried out using simple random sampling technique (SRS). Five simple sequence repeat markers (SSR) were screened and used to determine the genetic relatedness of the sesame genotypes. Phylogenetic relations were determined by cluster analysis using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA). Multivariate grouping was carried out using factorial coordinate analysis (FCoA) A total of 99 n=bands were identified of which all were polymorphic. The number of amplified fragments per primers ranging from 25(SEMI10) to 27 (SM8). Polymorphic fragments were generated by SSR makers SM8, SEM10, and SM9, while primer SME18 and SME44 did not identify any genotype. The dendrogram grouped the genotype into six clusters with an overall similarity coefficient of 67%.Genotype Var01(KBil) collected from Bichi LGA of Kano state was genetically distinct from all other genotype at dissimilarity coefficient of 0.33. The FCoA placed the 45 genotypes of sesame into 6 groups with total of 25 genotypes. From the FCoA ,genotype var 01 (KBi 1) from Bichi LGA of Kano state, var 45 (NE 2) and var 32 (NL 2) from different farmers indifferent LGA of Nasarawa state, were the most distinct from the other genotype. The FCoA failed to differentiate genotype values to their area of origin. The PLC values ranged from 0.137(SEM9) -0.712 (SM8) and loci having PIC values closer to 1 are more desirable. Although 100% polymorphism was obtained for primers SM9, and SEM10, primer SM8 was most informative with the highest 0.712).
Metadata only
A Data Traffic Control System (DTCS) for Optimizing Computer Network Performance.
(Bells University of technology, Ota., 2017-10-26) AKINYOKUN, Olusina Temidayo; Prof. H. O. D. Longe
The advancement of computer networks has led to the heavy utilization of network resources, which has created data traffic congestion and leads to poor network performance. An effective Data Traffic control system (DTCS) is required for the optimization of computer networks. In this research work, the developed Data Traffic Control System (DTCS) is based on network congressional control approach. Tt's an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) congestion control system and includes a two-bucket approach to be classical leaky-bucket congestion control algorithm.
Metadata only
Privacy Enforcement on Subscriber's Data in Cloud Computing
(Bells University of Technology, Ota., 2018-04-09) ASANGA, Ukeme Joseph; Prof. O. M. Abass
Data stored in the cloud are susceptible to an array of threats from hackers and also to undetectable and unauthorized access by the cloud service provider. This is because the subscriber has no access to the internal operations of the cloud and cannot control access to his data. Therefore confidentially, availability and integrity of subscriber's data must be maintained to gain their trust in cloud-based systems. This work made use of privacy with non-trusted provider algorithm to ensure privacy of subscriber's data. Here, the subscriber encrypts their data before sending it to the se4rvfice provider that performs a second encryption before storage in the cloud. Simulation was done on multimedia dataset download from Stanford University dataset. The system results were then compared with an existing systems using a trusted cloud provided and it ensured a higher level of privacy on subscriber's data. The results were evaluated using encrypted time, decryption time and brute force hack. Results showed that with the proposed system, the subscriber had a high level of control over his data sending it to the cloud service provider. It also promises an increase adopted of cloud computing by businesses and organization with highly sensitive information as it contains measures to ensure that the subscriber's data is not readily available to unauthorized user.
Metadata only
Privacy Enforcement on Subscriber's Data in Cloud Computing
(Bells University of Technology, 2018-04-27) ASANGA, Ukeme Joseph; Prof. O. M. Abass
Data stored in the cloud are susceptible to any array of threats from hackers and also to undetectable and unauthorized access by the cloud service provider. This is because the subscriber has no access to the internal operations of the cloud and cannot control access to his data. Therefore confidentiality, availability and integrity of subscriber's data must be maintained to gain their trust in cloud-based systems. This work made use of privacy with non-trusted provider algorithm to ensure privacy of subscriber's data. here, the subscribers encrypt their data before sending it to the service provider that performs a second encryption before storage in the cloud. Simulation was done on the multimedia dataset downloaded from Stanford University dataset. The systems results were then compared with an existing system using a trusted cloud provider and it ensured a higher level of privacy on subscriber's data.
Metadata only
Molecular Detection and Identification of Polyhydroxyyalkanoate Synthesizing-Bacteria Isolated from Waste Dump Site Soil
(Bells University of Technology, 2018-08-08) OLALEKAN, Farouk Olawale; Prof. O.O. Kuforiji
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are macromolecular storage polyesters produced by metabolic trans-formation of carbon sources by microorganisms under nutrient limiting conditions. PHA synthesizing-bacteria were isolated from waste dump site soil samples, characterized molecularly and identified using standard microbiological, molecular and biochemical methods. Corn steep liquor (COSL) and minimal salt medium supplemented with glucose, glycerol, maltose and sucrose were used as growth media and the PHAS accumulated by the bacteria were quantified spectrophotometrically. Of the 40 bacteria isolated, 37 were positive for PHA accumulation when subjected to visual screening using Sudan Black B. Nevertheless, 22 bacterial isolates were selected based on their level of sudanophilic positivity for PHA synthase gene analysis. PHA synthase gene (phbC) of the expected base pair size (239 bp) was amplified from the DNA of all the 22 bacterial isolates selected. Quantification of PHA synthesized by the 22 bacterial isolates revealed that the best five PHA synthesizing-bacterial isolates were SB9, SC7, SB1, SD7 and SA4 with PHA yields of 8.26, 7.69, 7.48, 7.43 and 7.41 mg/ml respectively, while the least five PHA accumulating bacterial isolates were SC8, SC4, SD2, SC2 and SB7 which recorded PHA yields of 6.46, 6.35, 6.34, 6.33 and 6.22 mg/ml respectively. Sequence analysis of the amplified 16S RNA genes of the best five PHA synthesizing-bacterial isolates (SB9, SC7, SB1, SD7 and SA4) divulged their identities as Bacillus acidiceler FOGU02, Bacillus megaterium FOGU01, Lysinibacillus macroides FOGU04, Bacillus wiedmannii FOGUOS and Bacillus marisflavi FOGU03 respectively. The yields of PHA by the bacteria tested were generally higher in COSL supplemented with the various carbon sources compared to the PHA yields recorded in minimal salt medium supplemented with the same carbon sources. The molecular methods enhanced the specificity of the results obtained. The COSL used as growth medium for PHA synthesizing-bacteria is expected to reduce the cost of PHA production as the waste is locally available at no extra cost. PHA yield depends to a large extent on the microorganism involved as well as the carbon source used. However, Bacillus acidiceler FOGU02 was the best PHA producer among the bacteria tested, while maltose was the best carbon source examined.
Metadata only
Determination of Heavy Metals and Organochlorine Pesticides in Goat Parts Collected in Ota.
(Bells University of Technology, 2018-08-17) COKER, Aderinoye Robert; Dr. D.O.Nwude
Meat and offal obtained from goat has been widely accepted as delicacy and serve as important source of protein consumed daily by all strata of the society. Awareness on the possible exposure to heavy metals and organochlorine pesticide in meat and its associated health risk in Nigeria are generally low. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing heavy metal and organochlorine pesticide levels in selected tissues and organs of goats from five abattoirs in Ota, Ogun state. The levels of heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead, Chromium and Iron), in the organs of the goat (liver, heart, muscle and kidney) were determined by wet digestion method using a Perkin Elmer, AAnalyst-200 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The organochlorine pesticide residues in the samples were soxhlet extracted using a mixture of n-hexane and acetone. The extracts were cleaned up using silica gel and analysed using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The investigated pesticide contaminant contained p.p-DDT, p.p-DDE, Benzene hexachloride isomers, lindane (a, B. y, A -BHCs), dieldrin, aldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, alpha-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, chlordane, heptachlor and methoxychlor in the fatty layer of the goat obtained from five abattoirs in Ota.
Metadata only
Twitter Sentiment Classification Using Normalized Weighted Multinomial Naive Bayes
(Bells University of Technology, 2018-08-19) IHEJIRIKA, Chiedozie Destiny; Dr. M. A. Adegoke
Twitter is a very popular micro-blogging website where individuals or group of people express their opinion and options about events, products and services leading to a pool of different contextual and unstructured messages. These messages hold different meaning or sentiments that can be useful in analysing how the public feels about certain products, events or services. Sentiment analysis involves the use of natural language processors or text analysers to extract and study subjective information in a word or group of words. The Bayesian model has been extensively used for determining sentiments in a sentence. However, the problem with the Bayesian model is its independent assumption. The independent assumption considers compound words which express a singular meaning as if each individual word of the compound word expresses a different meaning. This assumption causes a weight magnitude error during the classification and analysis of the sentiments in a message or tweet. This study addresses the weight magnitude error using the normalized weighted multinomial naïve Bayes (NWMNB). During the training of the model, the NWMNB evaluates the weight magnitude in each of the dataset, comparing and normalizing the weight (We) distribution before testing and classifying the tweet. The NWMNB was implemented and tested on benched marked data, results compared against results of other traditional naïve Bayes filters using the same dataset. The NWMNB out performs the traditional Naïve Bayes filters by 4.5 %.
Metadata only
Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus Aureus From Women With Urinary Tract Infections in Lagos State
(Bells University of Technology, 2019-03-08) CHIDI, Ugochi Nnenna; Prof. O. O. Kuforiji
Staphylococcus aureus has been implicated ins urinary tract infection (UTI) in humans. Virulence and drug resistance play important roles in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infections. The objectives are to establish the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance patterns of clinical isolates of S. aureus, and to demonstrate the presence of antibiotic resistance genes among the isolates. Isolates were examined for susceptibility to 15 antibiotic disks using the disk diffusion method and for possession of resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0. The relationship between antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic susceptibility was determined using Pearson's Chi-square test. All 50 isolates were resistant to at least three antibiotics. Fifteen isolates (30%) exhibited the highest multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value of 0.7. The most effective antibiotics were mipenem, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and gentamicin and the least effective were cloxacillin, oxacillin, and augmentin. The most prevalent resistance gene of the 50 isolates was mecA (80.5%), followed by femB (50%), blaZ (11.1%), ermA (16.7%), and aac(6')-aph(2') (5.6%). The correlation between genotype (absence or presence of a major resistance gene) and phenotype (susceptibility or reduced susceptibility) was high for penicillin and the presence of mecA (98%), and femB (97%). In contrast with the other resistances, the agreement between genotypes and phenotypes for erythromycin and the presence of ermA was poor (66%), gentamicin and the presence of aac(6')-aph(2"') (41%). The results indicate that there is a need for surveillance programmess to monitor drug resistance in pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus.

Browse

Browsing Natural and Applied Sciences by Issue Date

Results Per Page

Sort Options