Chemical Sciences

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    Alkaline Phosphatase Activities and Serum Urea Levels in Albino Rats Treted with Aqueous Extracts of Psidium.
    (Bells University of Technology, Ota., 2009-06-11) AKINSANMI, Babajide; Mr. O. S. Adeyemi
    The biochemical effect of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaf on some enzymes were studied in the kidney. The histopathological studies of the tissues were also carried out. The P. guajava leaf extract were administered intraperitoneally to albino rats consecutively for seven days.
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    Determinant of Heavy Metals Organic Pollutions in Fish Sample collected from Ogun River
    (Bells University of Technology, 2020-12-10) AJIBODE, Comfort Pelumi; Dr. D. O. Nwude
    Fish is generally accepted as a delicacy and serves as an important source of protein consumed daily by all strata of the society. Awareness on the possible exposure to heavy metals and organic pollutants in fish and its associated health risks in Nigeria are generally low. Therefore, this study aims at assessing heavy metals and organic pollutants' levels in the muscle tissues of fish samples from five (5) different fishing locations in the Ogun River, Ogun State. The levels of the heavy metals (Zinc, Lead, Iron, Chromium, Cadmium and Copper) in the muscle tissues of the fish samples were determined by wet digestion method using a Perkin Elmer, Analyst - 200 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The mean Zn values in the five (5) different locations (Oyan Dam, Oriyanrin, Adigbe Bridge, Apo Village and Odo-eran Lafenwa) were (4.596±2.820, 5.094±1.216, 4.733±2.033, 6.228±1.348 and 7.771±2.003); mean Pb values were (0.641±1.236, 1.667±3.960, 0.741±0.738, 0.806±0.852 and 0.566±0.353); mean Fe values were (7.805±2.681, 10.391±4.485, 8.281±1.901, 7.971±4.068 and 8.868±2.052); mean Cr values were (0.100±0.166, 0.076±0.071, 0.102±0.095, 0.172±0.149 and 0.052±0.039); mean Cd values were (0.1000.116, 0.074±0.077, 0.101±0.956, 0.174±0.148 and 0.087±0.039) and mean Cu values were (-0.405±0.017, 0.404±0.011, -0.403±0.016, -0.509±0.328 and -0.396±0.130). Most of these values were generally lower than permissible limits of FAO/WHO except Pb and Cr which were higher than the permissible limits. The fish samples contained levels of Zn, Fe, Cd and Cu in the sampled fish muscle tissues. The organic pollutants which include the Organochlorine Pesticides, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and the Polychlorinated Biphenyls were also determined. The Organochlorines and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in the fish samples were Soxhlet extracted using n-hexane and dichloromethane. The extracts were cleaned up using silica gel and analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and flame ionization detector (GC-FID) respectively. The Polychlorinated biphenyls were also extracted using n-hexane and cleaned up using a glass column and analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The mean values obtained after the analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, the BaPeq for the first four (4) locations had values that exceeded the permissible limit of 0.002mg/kg (European Commission) while it was absent in the fifth location PCBs 8 (2,4 - Dichlorobiphenyl), 18 (2,2',5 - Trichlorobiphenyl), 157 (2,3,3',4,4'5 Hexachlorobiphenyl) and 180 (2,2',3,4,4',5,5' - Heptachlorobiphenyl) were the principal contaminants for the Polychlorinated biphenyls while the others were either non-existent or below the permissible limit of 0.335mg/kg (European Union). For the Organochlorine Pesticides Endosulfan sulphate was the only pesticides detected in all locations along the Ogun River Alpha0BHC ranged between BDL and 0.394 mg/kg with Odo-Eran Lafenwa (0.0394 mg/kg having the highest AlphaOBHC while Oriyanrin had 0.0048. AlphaOBHC was below detectable limits in samples from Adigbe Bridge. The levels of the Organochlorine Pesticides in the muscle tissue of the analyzed fish samples was below the accepted Maximum Residue Limits (MRL), a adopted by the WHO/FAO Codey Alimentarius commission.
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    Determination of Heavy Metals and Organochlorine Pesticides in Goat Parts Collected in Ota.
    (Bells University of Technology, 2018-08-17) COKER, Aderinoye Robert; Dr. D.O.Nwude
    Meat and offal obtained from goat has been widely accepted as delicacy and serve as important source of protein consumed daily by all strata of the society. Awareness on the possible exposure to heavy metals and organochlorine pesticide in meat and its associated health risk in Nigeria are generally low. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing heavy metal and organochlorine pesticide levels in selected tissues and organs of goats from five abattoirs in Ota, Ogun state. The levels of heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead, Chromium and Iron), in the organs of the goat (liver, heart, muscle and kidney) were determined by wet digestion method using a Perkin Elmer, AAnalyst-200 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The organochlorine pesticide residues in the samples were soxhlet extracted using a mixture of n-hexane and acetone. The extracts were cleaned up using silica gel and analysed using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The investigated pesticide contaminant contained p.p-DDT, p.p-DDE, Benzene hexachloride isomers, lindane (a, B. y, A -BHCs), dieldrin, aldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, alpha-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, chlordane, heptachlor and methoxychlor in the fatty layer of the goat obtained from five abattoirs in Ota.
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    Effect of Hydro-Ethanol Extract of persea americana Seed on Nickel Chloride-Induced Oxidative Hepatorenal Damage in Rats
    (Bells University of technology, Ota, 2019-04-16) EGBOGA, Chiedozie arinze; Dr. Kazeem A. Akinwunmi
    Nickel exposure is common and increasing evidence showed it can cause oxidative tissue damage. This has led to the search for remedy amongst antioxidant medicinal plants. In this study, the antioxidant capacity, amino acid profile and some phytochemicals in persea americana seed were determined. Additionally, effects of hydro ethanol extracts of persea americana (HEPA) on nickel chloride (NiCl2) induced oxidative hepato-renal damage were investigated and compared with H-acetylcysteine (NAC). Thirty-six rats were divided equally into six groups. Control group was given water, while test groups were treated with 10 mg/kg Nicl2, 25 mg/kg NAC and 50 mg/kg HEPA alone or in combination. HEPA and NAC were given daily for three weeks, while NiCl2 was injected once in a week before the rats were sacrificed.
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    Physico -Chemical Properties of Modified Acha Digital Exilis Starch Cross Linked, Acid Treated and Oxidized Samples.
    (Bells University of technology, Ota., 2015-01-18) SHEHU, Isah; Prof. A. A. Osho
    Underutilized grain, Acha starch was isolated and modified by cross-linking, oxidation, and acid treatment physicochemical properties of the native starch and modified derivatives. The physicochemical properties of chemically modified samples were altered. The solubility, water and oil absorption capacities, bulk density, foam capacity and pasting viscosities decreased upon modification.