Biological Sciences

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Browsing Biological Sciences by Subject "Genes"

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    Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Susceptibility Pattern of Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus Saprophyticus Strains
    (Bells University of Technology, 2019-03-30) AMODU, Zainab Ejile; Prof. O. O. Kuforiji
    Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a coagulase-negative (CoNS) coccus associated primarily with community-acquired lower urinary tract infection (UTI). This study investigated presence of antibiotic resistant genes (ARG) and susceptibility pattern of S. saprophyticus from women with UTI. Fifty (50) S. Saprophyticus strains obtained from four hospitals were identified morphologically and biochemically. Antibiotic resistance pattern was determined via Kirby-Bauer dise diffusion method against 14 antibiotics: Ceftazidime (CAZ), Cefuroxime (CRX), Gentamicin (GEN), Ceftriazone (CTR), Erythromycin (ERY), Cloxacillin (CXC), Ofloxacin (OFL), Augmentin (AUG), Cefdinir (RNF), Ciprofloxacin (CPT), Oxacillin (OX), Mipenem (MIP), Levofloxacin (LVS) and Pefloxacin (PEF). Presence of ARGs ermA, aac(6')-aph(2"'), mecA, blaZ and femB was confirmed on gel electrophoresis by standard methods. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) was also determined, while plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance was investigated. S. saprophyticus strains were resistant to ERY, AUG, OX and CXC, while MIP, PEF and LVS susceptibility was observed. No isolate had 100% sensitivity to the antibiotics, 13 (26%) were sensitive to ≥50% antibiotics, five (G95, G98, G112, S09, S26) were resistant to >90% of antibiotics, while one strain (S09) exhibited total resistance. All strains had >20% MARI while two-thirds had ≥0.5 MARI. Seventy percent of S. saprophyticus expressed both mecA and femB, three (3) strains expressed all ARGs (S04, S26, L90), or did not express any (M60, M123, M48), while 64% expressed at least two ARGs. Resistance genes mecA and femB were the most expressed genes (Hospitals G, S and L), while <50% of strains expressed BlaZ. Fourteen (14) strains had plasmid-mediated resistance, while 50% plasmid-mediated resistance was observed in hospital L. This study, therefore, showed that increased antibiotic-resistance and presence of ARGs in S. saprophyticus means the pathogen should be given better attention by clinics in cases of bacteremia, bacteriuria, septicemia and UTI cases.
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    Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus Aureus From Women With Urinary Tract Infections in Lagos State
    (Bells University of Technology, 2019-03-08) CHIDI, Ugochi Nnenna; Prof. O. O. Kuforiji
    Staphylococcus aureus has been implicated ins urinary tract infection (UTI) in humans. Virulence and drug resistance play important roles in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infections. The objectives are to establish the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance patterns of clinical isolates of S. aureus, and to demonstrate the presence of antibiotic resistance genes among the isolates. Isolates were examined for susceptibility to 15 antibiotic disks using the disk diffusion method and for possession of resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0. The relationship between antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic susceptibility was determined using Pearson's Chi-square test. All 50 isolates were resistant to at least three antibiotics. Fifteen isolates (30%) exhibited the highest multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value of 0.7. The most effective antibiotics were mipenem, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and gentamicin and the least effective were cloxacillin, oxacillin, and augmentin. The most prevalent resistance gene of the 50 isolates was mecA (80.5%), followed by femB (50%), blaZ (11.1%), ermA (16.7%), and aac(6')-aph(2') (5.6%). The correlation between genotype (absence or presence of a major resistance gene) and phenotype (susceptibility or reduced susceptibility) was high for penicillin and the presence of mecA (98%), and femB (97%). In contrast with the other resistances, the agreement between genotypes and phenotypes for erythromycin and the presence of ermA was poor (66%), gentamicin and the presence of aac(6')-aph(2"') (41%). The results indicate that there is a need for surveillance programmess to monitor drug resistance in pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus.